Breast MRI
What is a breast MRI?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) produces images using a strong magnet and radio waves. It is a sensitive test for the detection of breast cancer, but does not take the place of mammography. Mammography is the exam of choice to screen for breast cancer. The MRI exam requires the administration of contrast material through an IV. Breast MRI is not for everyone. It cannot be performed in patients who have pacemakers, defibrillators, or other implanted electronic devices.
There are several reasons why your doctor may request a breast MRI exam:
- Recent diagnosis of breast cancer with moderate or extremely dense breast tissue on mammography which may hide additional tumor deposits
- Certain breast cancer patients before chemotherapy is used in an attempt to shrink the tumor before surgery
- High risk population such as genetic mutation carriers of the BRCA1 AND BRCA2 genes, personal history of breast cancer, prior breast biopsy which showed abnormal cells, strong family history of breast cancer, previous chest radiation for Hodgkin's Lymphoma at a young age (under 30 years)
- Patients with silicone breast implants with a question of implant rupture
Preparing for a Breast MRI
At the time of scheduling and at your appointment you will be asked a series of screening questions to determine whether you may proceed with the exam.
You will be asked to remove all metal or electronic objects from your body before the exam. These objects interfere with the magnetic field and can be very dangerous if taken into the exam room.
If you have ever had metal in your eyes you may need to have an X-ray of your head prior to undergoing an MRI.
Tell your technologist at the time of your exam if you have any metal or electronic devices in or on your body including, but not limited to:
- Watches or jewelry
- Cell phones or PDAs
- Implanted medical devices (i.e. pacemaker, defibrillators)
- Implanted metallic joint prostheses, artificial heart valves, cochlear implants, hearing aids or metallic dentures.
Tell your technologist and your doctor if you are pregnant or suspect you may be pregnant. Your doctor may postpone the exam or choose an alternative exam.
Some patients may feel anxious due to the confining nature of the MRI scanner. If you feel this way, talk to your doctor. He or she may feel it necessary to prescribe a sedative prior to your exam to help you relax.
Your doctor or radiologist may request that your MRI scan be enhanced via the use of contrast material. If contrast is required, the technologist will start an intravenous (IV) line in your hand or arm to administer the contrast.
For your safety
Although rare, there is a slight risk of an allergic reaction to contrast material. Therefore, you will be asked a series of questions about your medical history to determine whether you may receive contrast. Most reactions are minor such as itchiness, hives, and nausea or vomiting. In very rare instances, an allergic reaction may cause swelling in your throat or other areas of your body. Tell your technologist or doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms during or after your exam.
What to expect during a breast MRI exam
The exam is painless and on average takes between 30 to 45 minutes, excluding preparation time. The amount of time varies depending on the type and number of exams for which you are scheduled.
During the exam, you will be asked to lie on a movable table. A coil or small antenna-like device may be placed over the body part to be examined. Once you have been positioned the technologist will move the table into the MRI scanner which is a long tubular shaped machine.
During the MRI scan, the magnet produces repetitive thumping and tapping sounds. You will be given earplugs to help block the noise of the scanner. You will also have the option of listening to music of your choice.
The technologist monitors you throughout the procedure. A microphone system enables you to communicate with the technologist at all times. You will also be given a device that will allow you to alert the technologist if you are having any difficulty during the procedure.
When your exam is complete you may leave and resume regular activities. If a sedative is administered for your exam you will need to arrange transportation home.
Results
A radiologist will review your exam images and report the findings to your doctor within 24 hours. Your doctor will then discuss the findings and next steps with you.
